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The schematic of the procedure of acute pancreatitis (AP) in adults (>18 years). Systemic diseases and trauma are particularly common in pediatric patients with AP and differ from those in adults ( Snyder, 2000). Other causes include duct obstruction (e.g., related to a tumor or anatomic abnormalities), metabolic aberrations (e.g., hypertriglyceridemia), drug exposure (e.g., thiazides, azathioprine, and estrogens), smoking, and trauma ( Yadav and Lowenfels, 2013 Lankisch et al., 2015) ( Figure Figure1 1). The incidence of AP among subjects with long-term alcoholism is fourfold higher than those without ( Yadav et al., 2007). Excessive alcohol consumption, as the second-most common cause of AP after gallstones, has been shown to increase the risk of pancreatitis in a dose-dependent manner ( Lankisch et al., 2002, 2015). The most common risk for AP in adults is gallstones, which increases with age ( Lowenfels et al., 2000). These breakthrough findings may have important implications for innovative drug research and the future development of treatments for AP.Īcute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by a severe inflammatory response with the premature activation of pancreatic digestive enzymes, edema formation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the pancreas ( Yadav and Lowenfels, 2006 Banks et al., 2013). Moreover, we also summarized some potential toxic natural products for pancreas in order to more safe and reasonable medication. A computational prediction of few selected and promising plant-derived molecules (emodin, baicalin, resveratrol, curcumin, ligustrazine, and honokiol) to target numerous proteins or networks involved in AP was initially established based on a network pharmacology simulation. This review focuses on the pharmacological activities of CHMs against AP in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms. Despite early cell culture, animal models, and clinical trials, CHMs are capable of interacting with numerous molecular targets participating in the pathogenesis of AP however, comprehensive, up-to-date communication in this field is not yet available.
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In recent decades, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been used as efficient therapeutic agents to attenuate AP in Asian countries. Unfortunately, the existing treatment options have limited impact on the incidence and severity of AP due to the complex and multifaceted pathological process of this disease. The diagnosis and treatment guidelines for AP recommend conservative medical treatments focused on reducing pancreatic secretion and secondary injury, as a primary therapeutic approach. An increase in the annual incidence of AP has been observed, and it causes acute hospitalization and high mortality.
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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a commonly occurring gastrointestinal disorder.